James's working notes from Western Civ class

Table of Contents

Order vs Chaos

Is all philosophy just trying to find the order in our world? There is a scale between order and chaos

What is chaos?

  • lawlessness
  • immorality

What is chaotic?

  • the natural world?
  • society & concepts of man?

Different Camps of Philosophers

  • Order is Discovered by man
    • DescartesDescartes
      Rene Descartes

      Background Info

      1596-1650
      educated at Univ of Paris
      Catholic Christian
      not an academic




      wrote [[Descartes, Meditations of First Philosophy]] from a [[Rationalism
      rationalistic]] perspective




      claims he is making a whole new start in philosophy
      D. arrived at a certain and evident knowledge of the truth. He wants to see if he can persuade others by the same method that he himself used.
      ...
    • Anselm
    • Great Chain of BeingGreat Chain of Being
      Great Chain of Being

      There are different levels of existence.


      God

      Universe

      Man (King -> Nobles -> Knights -> Peasants)

      Animals

      Plants

      Rocks












      This philosophy went out of vogue along with the [[Divine Right of Kings]] around the ...
  • Order is Imposed by man
    • NietzcheNietzche
      Nietzche
      Notes

      same religious critique of [[Kierkegaard]]: religion is superficial
      so ditch religion

      : Napoleon imposed order
    • Postmoderns

    Expectation of order in science is a metaphysical claim - Copernicus built his theory off order - string theory is based on the elegance of its math